The following provisions form part of the district plan.

The area
The overlay follows Dominion Road from Balmoral Road to approximately halfway between Rocklands Avenue and Halston Road. This area also includes parts of Wiremu Street.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as a commercial centre which developed following the First World War through to the 1950s. The arrival of the electric tramway in 1920 served as a catalyst for this development including many of the character defining buildings in the area. The construction of St. Luke’s shopping mall in 1971, and the demolition of 14 shops in Balmoral during a road-widening initiative, led to a period of decline for the centre. However, historic Potters Park and War Memorial Hall, outside the historic character area, have helped Balmoral retain its identity as a local centre through community use

Balmoral has recently developed social associations in relation to its Asian community. This community has invested in many of the buildings within the Balmoral commercial centre, establishing businesses that serve the neighbouring suburbs. These social associations are reflected through the use of colourful signage, paint finishes and neon lighting, which enliven the shop fronts of the suburban centre.

The Balmoral commercial centre has moderate value for its aesthetic and physical attributes. It retains the most cohesive group of commercial buildings on Dominion Road, which results largely from the consistency of age of the building stock. The built form of this centre is representative of the typical architectural style, materials and construction predominant in the 1920s. Balmoral also has several notable examples of the ‘shop-with-dwelling’ type that were typical of many commercial centres around this time.

Periods of significance - key characteristics
1920s-1930s

• typically masonry construction
• generally two storeys
• stripped classical style
• good examples of the type of mainstreet commercial buildings being built throughout New Zealand during this period

1930s-1960s

• more varied in scale, materials and form, reflecting changes in the height limit as well as setbacks for road widening and parking requirements
• there is some poor quality development comprising buildings set back from the street edge and car-parking between buildings and on the street.

Reference: Matthews & Matthews Architects Ltd, et. al. (2008) Balmoral Shopping Centre: Character Heritage Study.

Note
The period(s) of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Dominion Road from Grange Road to its junction with Onslow Road. The area also includes parts of Carrick Place, Walters Road, Valley Road, Ewington Avenue, Burnley Terrace, Prospect Terrace and King Edward Road.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as an early commercial centre. It rapidly developed on the early 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway in 1908. At the height of its traditional period of development, 1920-1930, the centre became the hub of Mt Eden township, providing services, supplies and entertainment to surrounding residential areas. A steadily increasing residential population led to continuous development on Dominion Road, with more recent periods of development reinforcing the suburban identity of the area.

Eden Valley has moderate value for its aesthetic and physical attributes. Another important physical attribute of Eden Valley is the intersection of Dominion and Valley roads which is defined by notable and distinctive late Victorian and Edwardian buildings on three corners.

Periods of significance - key characteristics
1900-1914
• buildings are typically either timber or brick (sometimes plastered) construction
• Italianate architectural style is common
• generally one-two storeys
• continuous shop fronts
• timber shop front joinery.

1920-1930
• greater range of architectural styles for shop fronts including Stripped Classical, Art Nouveau, Art Deco and Spanish Mission
• experimental new materials, such as terrazzo and steel window joinery.

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et al (2004). Character/Heritage Study: Eden Valley/Dominion Road.

Note
The period(s) of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Main Highway from Arthur Street to the Southern Motorway. This area also includes parts of Hurst Street, Robert Street, Ladies Mile and Ramsgate Street.

Statement of values
The Area has considerable historical value as an early township that developed near Great South Road and is associated with the Onehunga-Auckland railway. This area also has important historical associations with the construction of the Auckland-Mercer railway, which represents a significant period of development and an important aspect of regional history.

At the height of its traditional period of development 1920s-1950s, the Ellerslie commercial centre was developed, though the immediate environs were still largely rural. Ellerslie also has important historical associations with the construction of the Southern Motorway. Construction of the first section of the motorway took place in the 1950s, effectively dividing Ellerslie into two distinct entities and eliminating its status as a main road strip-shop commercial development. Ellerslie adapted to this radical change in character by concentrating commercial development at the junction of Ladies Mile and Main Highway. A steadily increasing residential population has led to continuous development in the commercial centre, facilitating the area’s commercial viability and reinforcing its identity as an important local centre.

Ellerslie has strong social associations with horse-racing, which developed out of the area’s early history as rural farming allotments. Although not as strong as they were originally, these associations are still relevant to the identity of the community and an integral part of Ellerslie’s formation and history. These social values can be seen in the built environment through plaques, street architecture and other structures.

Physical attributes which help define the character of the area include several notable and distinctive buildings in the commercial centre around the intersection of Ladies Mile, the Southern Motorway and the new Ellerslie-Panmure Highway. Although there is a contrast between the commercial core with its continuous facades and the single residential properties on the side streets, the streetscape and built form has cohesion and is well integrated.

Periods of significance – key characteristics
1920s-1950s
• timber or brick construction, sometimes rendered
• generally one-two stories
• most buildings are post-war utilitarian in style
• verandahs
• frontages of glass and aluminium joinery
• sense of enclosure

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et. al. (2004) Character & Heritage Study: Ellerslie.

Note
The period(s) of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay is generally located within the wedge created by the junction of Selbourne Street and Great North Road. This area also includes parts of Williamson Avenue, Coleridge Street, Tuarangi Road and Surrey Crescent.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as an early commercial centre. It rapidly developed during the early 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway in 1903. Many of the existing buildings date from 1919-1928, and Grey Lynn was fully developed by the beginning of the Great Depression in 1929.

Grey Lynn has moderate social value as the location of Auckland’s first pensioners' housing block built by Auckland City Council in 1951, now demolished. Later blocks of pensioner units survive and are now owned by Housing New Zealand. These units give this community a different demographic to that of neighbouring West Lynn. This difference is reflected in the type of shops and in the signage and general maintenance of the buildings in the commercial centre.

An important physical attribute of Grey Lynn is its distinctive landscape quality. The area is located on a ridgeline, which provides views of the CBD skyscrapers, Mt Albert/ Owairaka and the Waitakere Ranges. There are also a number of significant buildings included in or adjacent to the area, including the 1924 Grey Lynn library, St Joseph’s Church and the Cameo Theatre.

Periods of significance – key characteristics
1900-1914 and 1919-1930
• unreinforced masonry construction
• generally one-two stories
• continuous shop fronts
• verandahs
• relatively narrow lot widths
• built to street frontage (parking at rear)
• mixed use

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et. al. (2004) Character & Heritage Study: Grey Lynn

Note
The period(s) of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay is focused around Picton Street and Fencible Drive. This area also includes parts of Cook Street, Moore Street, Wellington Street, Walter MacDonald Street, Parkhill Road, Uxbridge Street and Selwyn Road.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as an early commercial centre. It developed during the early 20th century to service the surrounding eastern farming districts of Auckland. Originally, the commercial centre of Howick was focused on Howe Street, but, during the early 20th century it shifted to Picton Street where it remains today. Beginning in the 1940s and continuing through the 1970s, Howick experienced rapid growth. This was largely in response to investment in road works that connected Howick to other settlements, such as Penrose, Greenlane, Westfield and Otahuhu, with sealed roads. Growth also occurred because of major post-World War Two subdivisions developed to help remedy the housing shortage.

The area has considerable social and historical values in relation to the Fencible settlement established in the area in 1847 to house retired British and Irish soldiers in exchange for defending Auckland in the event of an attack during the New Zealand Land Wars. Fencible settlements were established at the fringe of the original Auckland settlement forming a network of defense, including at Panmure, Otahuhu and Onehunga. Many streets in the area are named after original Fencible families, and many descendents of these families still live in the area, reinforcing the strong social associations.

Period of significance- key characteristics 
1840-1900 and 1940-1970
• Generally 1-2 storeys
• Strip commercial development
• Continuous shop fronts
• ‘Organic’ street layouts
• Key corner buildings
• Street trees

Reference: La Roche, Alan. (2011). Grey’s folly: A history of Howick, Pakuranga, Bucklands-Eastern Beaches, East Tamaki, Whitford, Beachlands and Maraetai.

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows New North Road from Bond Street to approximately halfway between Central Road and Kingsland Avenue. This area also includes parts of Central Avenue and the Kingsland train station.

Statement of value
The area has considerable historical value as an early commercial centre. It rapidly developed during the early 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway. This area also has important historical associations with the construction of the Auckland-Mercer railway in 1880, which represents a significant period of development for Kingsland and an important aspect of regional history. The relationship of Kingsland to the railway remains an important association. Development in this area reinforced the role of the major arterial roads, such as New North Road and the railway in supporting the establishment of further shops and business. Significant periods of redevelopment occurred during the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s in response to the rezoning of the area to mixed commercial. More recent periods of development have been relatively minor, but have helped reinforce Kingsland as an important local centre.

An important physical attribute of Kingsland is the survival of a variety of architectural styles and building types, which help to strongly define the character of the area. The distinctively urban streetscape is reinforced by the continuous building frontage and a lack of vegetation. Another important physical attribute of Kingsland is its distinctive landscape quality. The area is located on an east-west ridge, which has influenced the linear urban structure and provides views of Maungawhau/Mt Eden to the south east.

Periods of significance – key characteristics
1880s-1900s and 1920s-1930s
• brick, plastered brick, or timber construction
• generally two storeys
• original shop front and interior details
• timber shop front joinery
• tiled recessed entrances
• verandahs

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et al. (2004) Character & Heritage Study: Grey Lynn

Note
The period(s) of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The area follows Mt Eden Road from Windmill Road to Rautangi Road. This area also includes parts of Fairview Road, Disraeli Street, Grange Road, Poronui Street, Ngauruhoe Street, Stokes Road, Essex Road, Oaklands Road and Valley Road.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as an early commercial centre. It rapidly developed during the early 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway. By 1928, Mt Eden was the hub of Mt Eden township, providing services, supplies and entertainment to surrounding residential areas. No further significant periods of development occurred until after the 1970s, when two of the corner sites were redeveloped to respond to the rezoning of the area to mixed commercial.

Mt Eden Village has value for its aesthetic and physical attributes. The streetscape demonstrates a continuous progression of development and architectural design. There are several early buildings in the area and these help create a sense of enclosure created through continuous building frontages and verandahs. Large-scale specimen trees both on private property and in pocket parks along Mt Eden Road provide distinctive landmarks and contribute to the centre’s character.

Another distinctive aspect of the centre, which is of exceptional physical, aesthetic and social value, is Mt Eden/Maungawhau. Historically, it formed part of a network of fortified pa together with Blockhouse Bay/Te Whau to the west, One Tree Hill/Maungakiekie to the south and Mt Wellington/Maungarei to the east and continues to be a landmark for the area.

Periods of significance– key characteristics
1900-1914 and 1920-1930
• unreinforced masonry construction and timber construction
• continuous shop fronts with verandahs
• stone walls and fences
• mature trees that mark the entrance to the village
• relatively narrow lot widths
• parking and servicing to the rear
• mix of commercial, residential and church uses within the mainstreet commercial core
• configuration of two distinct retail centres connected by a mixed use/residential character spine


Reference: Boffa Miskell, et al. (2004) Character & Heritage Study: Grey Lynn

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
This overlay follows a large area bounded approximately by Carlton Gore Road, George Street and Parnell Road to the north; the Southern rail line to the east; St Mark’s Road to the south; and Gilles Avenue, Crowhurst Street, Khyber Pass Road and Huntly Avenue to the west.

This area also includes:
a. to the north - parts of Outhwaite Lane, Park Road, Morgan Street, Clayton Street, Alma Street, Cowie Street, Davis Crescent, Short Street, Kingdon Street
b. to the east – parts of Sarawia Street, Railway Street, Leek Street
c. to the west – parts of Suiter Street, Lion Place, Maungawhau Road, McColl Street, Roxburgh Street, Melrose Street, York Street, Kent Street, Osbourne Street, Broadway, Teed Street
d. to the south – parts of Eden Street, Bourke Street, Morrow Street, Mortimer Pass, Balm Street, Nuffield Street, Coventry Lane, Clovernook Road, Edgerley Avenue, Mahuru Street, Remuera Road, Middleton Road, Mamie Street, Lauriston Avenue and Belmont Terrace.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as an early commercial centre. It rapidly developed during the 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway. At the height of its traditional period of development (1900-1920s) Newmarket provided most of the everyday services, supplies and entertainment needed by the surrounding suburbs and settlements further afield. The historical development of this area is largely due to the area’s associations with strategic regional transport links. It is the junction of Auckland’s three rail lines and two major intersections, Broadway and Remuera roads, and Manukau and Great South roads, The significance of these transport links to the development of the commercial centre is reflected the built form of Newmarket, which has been continuously evolving since its establishment. Newmarket is now considered Auckland’s second city centre and is a successful retail shopping centre.

Newmarket has considerable value for its aesthetic and physical attributes. As a result of continued growth and development, the streetscape of Newmarket is distinctive and varied, especially in terms of architecture, scale and massing. An exception to this is a notable collection of shops built during 1900-1920 on Broadway which retain their original continuous frontages, scale and massing. Also notable are the cohesive streetscapes of mid-century warehousing and light industrial development behind Broadway. Another important physical attribute is the distinctive landscape quality. Newmarket is located on a flat basin encircled by Mt Eden/Maungawhau, Mt Hobson/Remuera and the Auckland Domain. The elevated location provides views of the Hauraki Gulf.

Sites of significance – key characteristics
1900-1914
• generally one-two storeys (setback additions added to the height of these buildings are typically up to three-four storeys)
• continuous shop fronts
• pedestrian links through development
• built to street edge
• servicing at the rear
• 10-20m site width
• low degree of enclosure
• generally commercial

1920-1950s
• reinforced concrete construction and unreinforced masonry construction
• Stripped Classical style, also International and Streamline Moderne styles
• reliance on relief, shadow and proportion for decoration
horizontal trims and cornices
• strip and corner windows
• rounded corners
• moderate degree of enclosure
• generally warehouse/light industrial

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et al. (2004) Character & Heritage Study: Grey Lynn

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Onehunga Mall from Grey Street to Gloucester Park North. This area also includes parts of Arthur Street, Selwyn Street, Waipu Lane, Gerard Benson Place, Brays Rise, Paynes Lane, Galway Street, Waller Street, Church Street, Lower Municipal Place, Upper Municipal Place, Pearce Street, Princes Street, Neilson Street and O’Rorke Street.

Statement of values
The area has exceptional historical value as an early trading post and defence outpost for the western perimeter of Auckland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. From 1827, the Manukau Harbour provided the most direct access to Auckland for ships sailing the Southern Ocean route from Europe and for the ships of the Royal Navy Squadron, based in Sydney. Onehunga was the port for ships using this route, and was also a point of access for Māori traders. During the New Zealand Wars of the 1860s, the township was strategically important as the point for sailors to disembark ships coming from overseas and for trans-shipment to the Waikato. As a result, the township experienced rapid growth during this period. Growth continued in 1873 following the opening of the Auckland-Onehunga railway. There has been gradual but continued change and development to both the commercial core and periphery of Onehunga until present day.

Onehunga has exceptional value because of the quality of its historic landscape. Onehunga Mall terminates with views to Mangere Mountain and Maungakiekie/One Tree Hill and their terraced pa sites. There is still a working port and the railway has recently re-opened. The streets of Onehunga are lined with buildings representative of all periods and building types, and these are often in cohesive groups, which reinforce each other’s significance. Onehunga Mall forms the bulk of the character area, and contains buildings that date from the late Victorian, Edwardian and interwar periods.

Period of significance - key characteristics
1860-1960
• unreinforced masonry construction, timber construction
• generally one-two storeys
• Stripped Classical details
• verandahs
• pedestrian access through development
• cohesive and continuous facades above the verandahs

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Parnell Road from St Stephens’s Avenue to Earle Street.

This area also includes parts of St George’s Bay Road, Birdwood Crescent, Gibraltar Crescent, Scarborough Lane, Scarborough Terrace, Falcon Street, Heather Street, Cracroft Street, Tilden Street, Akaroa Street, Ruskin Street, Denby Street, Windsor Street and Bath Street.

Statement of values
The area has considerable historical value as one of the earliest suburbs in Auckland. At the height of its traditional period of development from the 1880s-1920s, Parnell was Auckland’s largest suburb. Development continued until the 1950s and 1960s when commercial requirements and social associations shifted. Parnell emerged as an undesirable place to live and do business and became something of a slum. Areas around the commercial centre, such as the lower slopes of Parnell Rise, were redeveloped at this time, eroding much of the original character. The revitalisation of Parnell began during the 1970s when a property developer assembled Parnell Village. Almost immediately this became a catalyst for regeneration. More recent periods of development involve the redevelopment and diversification of the commercial centre, reinforcing the evolving identity of the centre.

Parnell has considerable value for its aesthetic and physical attributes. Because of the unsavoury reputation of the commercial centre mid-century, much of the area was passed over for redevelopment. As a result, a high proportion of the original building stock has survived. These original buildings are consistent and cohesive in massing and scale, and also have continuous repetitive shop fronts. Another important physical attribute of Parnell is the distinctive landscape quality. The area is located on the shoulder of the Auckland Domain volcano, and is characterised by steep ridges and gullies, some of which have been filled. The built form has responded to the topography and follows the ridges in a linear urban form. Land too steep to develop has been set aside as reserve land. The topography also provides elevated views of the Domain, the Auckland War Memorial Museum, the Hauraki Gulf and the CBD.

Period of significance– key characteristics
1880s-1920s
• unreinforced masonry construction, timber construction, reinforced concrete construction
• generally one-three storeys
• verandahs
• repetitive, continuous shop fronts
• 10-20m wide sections
• well-defined street edge
• servicing at the rear

Reference:Boffa Miskell. (1999). Parnell and Newmarket Character Area Studies

Note
The period of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Ponsonby Road from the junction of Great North Road and Karangahape Road to the junction of Jervois Road, St Mary’s Road and College Hill.

This area also includes parts of Great North Road, Maidstone Street, Crummer Road, Williamson Avenue, Rose Road, Pollen Street, Mackelvie Street, Richmond Road, Brown Street, Vermont Street, Tole Street, Cowan Street, Pompallier Terrace, Redmond Road, Jervois Road, St Mary’s Road, Margaret Street, Collingwood Street, Picton Street and Hepburn Street.

Statement of values
The area has exceptional historical value as the third significant suburb of Auckland, and the first developed to the west of the city. The area is also an early and representative example of a Victorian ‘walking suburb’. Prior to the arrival of the electric tramway, the suburb was virtually self-contained with regard to services and shopping. In 1902, two tram routes to the city were opened in Ponsonby. The first went down College Hill and the other along Ponsonby Road.

Significant periods of development have been interspersed with periods of decline, often based on social associations with the area. Post-World War II, development involved removing houses along Ponsonby Road and replacing them with modern commercial buildings set back from the street with parking in the front.

Ponsonby has strong social values. It has long been a stronghold of trade unionism and Labour Party sympathies. These values can been seen in the built environment through monuments and memorials. Ponsonby also has strong social values in relation to its shifts in population over time. Originally a suburb dominated by the white working class, much of this community relocated to the outer suburbs by the 1950s. Between 1955 and 1970, the Māori and Pacific Islander community doubled within inner city suburbs, such as Ponsonby. in the 1980s, led by white middle-class families looking for inexpensive family homes close to the city.

An important physical attribute of the area its building stock which is reflective of many periods of design from the Victorian period to the present day. There are a number of notable buildings in the character area which are often grouped in rows or around major intersections, and give different parts of the strip distinctive characters. Another important physical attribute of Ponsonby is the distinctive landscape quality. Ponsonby Road is located on a ridge, which has influenced the linear urban structure and provides elevated views of the CBD.

Period of significance – key characteristics
1900-1915
• timber construction, unreinforced masonry construction
• generally two storeys
• decorative plaster work
• cast iron fretwork
• large shop-front windows with highlight windows with coloured or leadlight glass
• recessed entries
• buildings built to street edge
• verandah over footpath supported by cast iron posts
• retail at street level, offices or residential above
• buildings occupy full width of site
• servicing at rear.

Reference: Di Stewart and Associates and Bruce Petry (1996). Ponsonby Road and Jervois Road Heritage Study Volumes I- II

Note
The period of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Sandringham Road from Lambeth and Haverstock Roads almost to Halesowen Avenue. This area also includes parts of Kitchener Road and Calgary Street.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as a commercial centre that rapidly developed during the 1920s-1950s in response to the opening of an electric tramway at Calgary Street in 1925. At the height of its traditional period of development during 1920s-1950s, the centre provided most of the everyday services, supplies and entertainment needed by the surrounding residential areas. The construction of St Luke’s shopping mall in 1971 led to a period of decline for Sandringham, though council-funded upgrades in 2004 have revitalised its identity as a local centre.

Sandringham has some social value because of its long-standing Sandringham Business Association. The main objective of the association was the electrification of the commercial centre and the promotion of local businesses through carnivals and events. More recently, the association has been involved with issues surrounding road-widening and upgrading the Sandringham commercial centre.

Sandringham has moderate values for its aesthetic and physical attributes. This area retains many of its early buildings including several distinctive and notable examples of architecturally designed commercial buildings from the 1920s-1940s. These buildings help to create a cohesive built character. Sandringham also has several notable examples of the shop-with-dwelling type that were typical of many commercial centres around this time.

Period of significance – key characteristics
1920s-1950s
• unreinforced masonry construction
• continuous building frontages
• verandahs
• servicing at the rear of the buildings
• pedestrian-focused

Reference: Matthews & Matthews Architects, Ltd, et al., (2008). Sandringham Shopping Centre: Character Heritage Study

Note
The period of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Mt Eden Road and New North Road to the junction of Symonds Street. Follows Symonds Street from this junction to Alex Evans Street. It also follows Khyber Pass Road from Nugent Street to Symonds Street and encompasses all of St Benedict’s Street. This area also encompasses parts of Ruru Street, Korari Street, Flower Street, Nikau Road, Burleigh Street, Madeira Place, Madeira Lane, Hohipere Street, Glenside Crescent, Newton Road, Dundonald Street, Basque Road and Exmouth Street.

Statement of values
The area has considerable historical value as an early and representative example of a commercial centre that rapidly developed during the early 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway. At the height of its traditional development period, 1920s-1930s, the centre provided most of the everyday services, supplies and entertainment needed by the surrounding suburbs of Newton, Grafton, Eden Terrace and Arch Hill. This area also has historical associations with the construction of the motorway in the 1950s-1960s, which represents a significant period of development and an important aspect of regional history. As a result of this major roading project, most of the surrounding residential areas were removed, effectively isolating Upper Symonds Street from the neighbourhoods it formerly serviced. This dislocation led to a period of decline for Upper Symonds Street, though more recently, the area has emerged as a social hub.

Upper Symonds Street also has considerable value for its aesthetic and physical attributes. This area retains one of the most notable and distinctive collections of architecturally significant buildings, and one of the most cohesive streetscapes in Auckland outside the CBD. Many of the buildings were designed by prominent architects, and though they are independent in style, they are cohesive in character. Another important physical attribute of Upper Symonds Street is the distinctive landscape quality. The area is located on a ridge, which has influenced the linear urban structure and provides elevated views of Manukau Heads, Waitakere Ranges, Mt Eden/Maungawhau, Rangitoto, the Hauraki Gulf and the CBD.

Periods of significance – key characteristics
1880s-1910s
• cement render and painted plaster construction, brick construction and timber construction
• generally two-three storeys on medium-sized lots
• plastered pilasters and details
• verandahs supported on posts
• shop fronts with extensive glazing
• recessed entries
• timber shop front joinery

1920s-1930s – key characteristics
• cement render and painted plaster construction, brick construction and timber construction
• generally two-three storeys on medium-sized lots
• suspended verandahs
• shop fronts retain the principle of framed picture windows and recessed entries, however, different materials were used including terrazzo, tiled or plastered columns

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et al. (2004). Character & Heritage Study: Upper Symonds Street

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay follows Richmond Road from Edwards Road in the south to the junction of Richmond Road and Warnock Street in the north. This area also includes parts of Hakanoa Street, Francis Street, Wilton Street and Tutanekai Street.

Statement of values
The area has considerable historical value as an early commercial centre that rapidly developed during the early 20th century in response to the opening of an electric tramway in 1910. Prior to World War II, the centre provided most of the everyday services, supplies and entertainment needed by neighbouring residential areas. The commercial centre was not affected by redevelopment between 1930 and 1980. However, recent periods of development have resulted in larger office buildings replacing some of the original buildings. West Lynn is now emerging as an evening destination with several restaurants, cafes, bars and specialist wine shops locating in original shops.

The area has considerable aesthetic and physical value. The commercial core comprises a series of linked terraced shop-with-dwelling type buildings. These are located on a ridge and many are still in use as residences. Frances Street and Hakanoa Street are planted with mature London Plane trees which contribute to the distinctive well-vegetated townscape.

Periods of significance – key characteristics
1905-1915 and 1920-1930
• predominantly plastered brick construction and timber construction
• generally one-two storeys
• verandahs
• relatively narrow lot widths
• mix of commercial and residential uses within or close to the commercial centre
• parking and service areas to rear
• specimen trees.

Reference: Boffa Miskell, et al. (2004). Character & Heritage Study: West Lynn

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
The overlay includes Commercial Road from Rata Street to Garfield Road. It also includes parts of Porter Crescent, Creek Lane, Green Lane, Awaroa Street, Bridge Street and Railway Street.

Statement of values
The area has moderate historical value as an early commercial centre that developed during the late 19th and early 20th century to service the surrounding districts of the Kaipara region. Originally, the commercial centre was located to the north of Awaroa River, however the construction of the Riverhead-Helensville Railway in 1875 shifted the focus to its present location around Commercial Road. Helensville prospered during the turn of the 20th century because of important industries, such as farming, saw-milling, flour-milling, soap-making and canning. From the 1970s, larger farms around the township were subdivided into smaller lots, resulting in a distinctively more suburban character.

 

The area also has important physical and aesthetic attributes. The character of the township is defined by its natural setting. Helensville is located on the banks of the Kaipara and Awaroa Rivers and is surrounded by hills to the east, with the main residential area elevated above the commercial centre. The area is well-vegetated with both native and exotic species.

 

The architectural character of Helensville is varied. Most buildings were constructed during the early 20th century, and though they are independent in style, they are cohesive in character. Commercial Road, Garfield Road and Bridge Street, in particular, include a number of distinctive and notable places.

 
Periods of significance - key characteristics
1860s-1900s
* generally 1-2 storeys
* varied architectural styles
* uniform pattern of parapets and verandahs
* timber verandah posts
* open space
* trees.

 

Reference: Rodney District Council. (2010). Helensville central area: Heritage study and design guidelines

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

 

The area
This overlay includes pockets of housing throughout the isthmus, with the largest concentrations in Ponsonby, Grey Lynn, Arch Hill, Sandringham, Morningside and Eden Terrace.

Statement of values
The areas have exceptional historical value as the most extensive ranges of late Victorian and Edwardian timbered suburban housing in the world. Houses were generally constructed at the turn of the 20th century, and though many areas developed in response to the opening of an electric tramway and improvements to the roading network. Some areas pre-date this infrastructure, such as Parnell, Ponsonby and Eden Terrace. Most residential areas are concentrated within walking distance of the early 20th century commercial centres that provided everyday services, supplies and entertainment needed by residents. Since the establishment of these areas, some development has occurred, primarily relating to modification, subdivision and some infill.

The Isthmus A areas have value for their aesthetic and physical attributes. Two distinctive types of character predominate in these areas. The first is characterised by rectilinear street patterns, consistency of lot size and building set back, and repeated period styles. The second is characterised by a varying lot sizes and a variety of period styles.

Period of significance
1880-1914 – key characteristics
• timber construction
• houses close to street
• front garden open to view behind low fence
• generally narrow, small sites
• grid street pattern
• lack of large trees

Reference: Matthews & Matthews Architects, Ltd. (2012). Plan Change 163 (Residential 1): Residential 1 Zone Study 2012

Note
The period of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
This overlay including pockets of housing throughout the isthmus, with the largest concentrations located at Herne Bay, Parnell, Mt Eden, Remuera, Epsom, Mt Albert, One Tree Hill, Newmarket, Orakei, Meadowbank, St Heliers, Kohimarama and Glendowie.

Statement of values
The areas have moderate historical value as representative areas of early 20th century suburban residential development. Houses were generally constructed during the Victorian and Edwardian periods in response to improvements in public transport and the roading network. These areas also has large concentrations of state-owned housing stock from the 1930s-1940s. Most of the Isthmus B areas are concentrated around the early 20th century commercial centres that provided the everyday services, supplies and entertainment needed by residents. Since the establishment of these areas, some development has occurred, primarily relating to modification, subdivision and some infill.

The Isthmus B areas have value for their aesthetic and physical attributes. Three distinctive types of character predominate in the areas. The first is characterised by low housing density combined with period housing and an abundance of trees. The second generally has the same characteristics, though the buildings are taller. The third is characterised by higher housing density and building coverage, and generally involves period homes. All three types of character include significant bush-clad areas or special landscape qualities.

Period of significance
1900-1914 – key characteristics
• timber bay villas, Italianate transitional villas, Arts and Crafts-influenced houses
• large front yard set-backs
• large lot sizes
• wide roads
• low densities
• abundance of trees

1920s-1950s – key characteristics
• bungalows, arts deco houses, English Cottage-style, state houses
• large front yard set-backs
• clean unfenced lawns
• low densities

Note
The periods of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
This overlay includes pockets of housing throughout the isthmus, with the largest concentrations at Glendowie, Epsom, Mt Eden and Mt Albert.

Statement of values
The areas have moderate historical value as representative areas of early housing with a significant relationship to natural landforms. Auckland’s volcanic cones, tuff rings and explosion craters are outstanding natural features on which these residential areas are constructed. While the natural character of the cones has been compromised to some extent by housing on their slopes, much of this development has historic character in its own right. Some houses, such as those on Mt St. John with steeply dipping roofs in the English cottage style, echo the slope of the cone. Other houses, while less dramatic, still have important historical and social associations with the volcanoes.

The Isthmus C areas have value for there aesthetic and physical attributes. Two distinctive types of character predominate in the area. The first is characterised by steep narrow cul-de-sacs, set out in late Victorian times on the western side of Mt Eden. Site sizes are mostly small, and the period houses are tightly packed. The second type is characterised by larger sites, lower densities and significant vegetation, located in Glendowie, Epsom and Mt Albert.

Period of significance
Key characteristics
• timber construction, unreinforced masonry construction
• English Cottage, Garden Suburb and other early housing styles
• relationship of housing to natural landform
• significant vegetation

Note
The period of significance and key characteristics defined in this statement are indicative only. It should not be understood or interpreted that these are the only circumstances under which a place may have historic character value. Any place located within the boundaries of a historic character area should be considered to have historic character value unless otherwise indicated.

The area
A non-contiguous area. One small pocket is centred around part of Stewart Street, and a second small area is located to the north of Green Lane. The main area is bounded approximately by Awaroa Road, Garfield Street, Puriri Street, Kowhai Street and Commercial Road. This area also encompasses parts of Mcleod Street, Gerald Stokes Avenue, Karaka Street, Rimu Street, Rata Street, Captain Street, Makiri Street, Porter Crescent, Gow Street, Nelson Street and Miro Street.

Statement of values
The Helensville Residential Historic Character Area has moderate historical value as one of the earliest European settlements in the Kaipara region. Settlement in the area began in 1862, through by 1858 Europeans had already developed small shipping enterprises in conjunction with Ngati Whatua. Helensville was originally founded as a “special settlement” for colonists from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, led by John McLeod. The commercial and residential centre of Helensville was initially located north of the Awaroa River, however the construction of the Riverhead-Helensville Railways in 1875 shifted the focus south. Helensville developed steadily as a centre to serve the local farming community, and by the 1970s large farms were subdivided into smaller farmlets and lifestyle blocks. Since then the area has become more suburban in nature, but remains the major service centre in the district.

The Helensville Residential Historic Character Area also has important physical and aesthetic attributes. The character of the township is defined by its natural setting. Helensville is located on the banks of the Kaipara and Awaroa Rivers and is surrounded by hills to the east, with the main residential area elevated above the commercial centre. The area is well-vegetated with both native and exotic species.

The architectural character of Helensville is varied. Most buildings were constructed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and though they are independent in style, they are cohesive in character.

Periods of significance
Key characteristics
1860s-1900s
• Varied architectural styles (cottages, villas, bungalows, railways cottages, English Garden and state housing)
• Predominantly timber construction
• Landscape amenity (ridgeline/topography, well-vegetated)
• Elevated views of Kaipara Harbour and Awaroa River

References and further information
Refer to:
Dave Pearson Architects, Ltd. (2010). Helensville residential area: Heritage study.

The area
This overlay encompasses pockets of housing that are predominantly located in Birkenhead Point south of Hinemoa Street and Mokoia Road. This overlay also encompasses small areas in Northcote Point and Devonport.

Statement of values
The Birkenhead Historic Character area has moderate historical value as one of the earliest areas of development on the North Shore. The first land sales in the area began in the 1840s, with much of the land being sold to speculative investors with no intention of developing land at such a distance from the city centre. In the 1860s, subdivision began, but very few settlers were prepared to move away from the city centre, and those who did take a chance on the area were often defeated by the topography and dense vegetation. There were very few European settlers in Birkenhead before 1870, resulting in a rural character without the amenity of a village centre, church, school, factory or wharf. Fortunes began to change in the 1870s when it was discovered that the soils in Birkenhead were ideal for orcharding and for growing strawberries. The area became well known for its market gardens and settlers prospered from this industry. Birkenhead also has important historical associations with the Chelsea Sugar Refinery, which represents a significant local industry and an important aspect of regional and national history. The sugar refinery was established in the 1880s and together with the successes of market gardening, Birkenhead took off as a suburb. Within the decade, Birkenhead experienced a significant change from a rural to a suburban character. The first wharf was built in 1882 and Birkenhead was a separate borough by 1888. Development continued steadily, and by the 1920s, the suburb had extended north toward present-day Hinemoa Street and Mokoia Road. The construction of the Auckland Harbour Bridge had less of an impact in Birkenhead than it did on Northcote, however, the Birkenhead ferry ceased operation at this time.

The Birkenhead Historic Character Area also has considerable value for its physical and aesthetic attributes, in particular the distinctive natural values and the ways that development and architecture have responded to the landform. The harbour promontories, significant ridgelines, geological outcrops and the volcanic cones form the context for and have a strong influence on the character of the built environment of these areas, and also give prominence to features such as mature trees and landmark status to the more distinctive heritage buildings.

Periods of significance
1880s-1920s
Key characteristics
• Predominantly late Victorian and Edwardian timber housing, also bungalows (1920s-1930s)
• Low or no fences
• Larger lots and setbacks
• Street and subdivision patterns follow natural landform
• Well-vegetated
• Landscape amenity (coastline, underlying topography and bush reserves)
• Views to city

References and further information
Refer to:
Matthews & Matthews Architects, Ltd. (2005). Birkenhead Historic Residential Neighbourhoods: Heritage and Character Study.

The area
This overlay encompasses pockets of housing that are predominantly located in Devonport south of Seabreeze Road. This overlay also encompasses small areas in Northcote Point.

Statement of values
The Devonport Historic Character Area has moderate historical significance as the earliest area of development on the North Shore. The first land sales in the area began in the 1840s, with much of the land being sold to speculative investors. Surveys and subdivision followed in the 1850s and the fledgling community steadily established itself. The first ferry service began in 1854, though the regular steam ferry service was not established for another decade. Subdivision remained piecemeal through the 1860s, but development flourished in the 1870s and 1880s due to more regular ferry services and the introduction of the tram. Although unsuccessful until around 1908, electric trams eventually connected more remote parts of the North Shore to the ferry at Devonport. The introduction of a wharf that could accommodate vehicles also facilitated both settlement and tourism. Also of great important to the development of Devonport during the 1870s and 1880s was the arrival of the military who established defence works on North Head and settled in the area. Market gardening and dairy farming were prevalent from the time of settlement through until the 1930s when rural was subdivided for housing, thereby firmly establishing the character of Devonport as suburban. The construction of the Auckland Harbour Bridge had a serious effect on Devonport. No longer the primary route north, the ferry services were severely cut and the settlement declined economically. The area began to revitalise in the 1970s when young families began to buy properties for renovation.

The Devonport Historic Character Area also has considerable value for its physical and aesthetic attributes, in particular the distinctive natural values and the ways that development and architecture have responded to the landform. The harbour promontories, significant ridgelines, geological outcrops and the volcanic cones form the context for and have a strong influence on the character of the built environment of these areas, and also give prominence to features such as mature trees and landmark status to the more distinctive heritage buildings.

Period of significance
1870s-1940
• Predominantly Victorian and early Edwardian timber housing – cottages and villas, also bungalows (1920s-1930s) and post-war housing
• Low fences and small setbacks
• Grid street pattern
• Proximity to commercial core
• Landscape amenity (coastline, volcanic features, bush reserves and open spaces)
• Views to city and Hauraki Gulf islands

References and further information
Refer to:
Heritage Consultancy Services. (2011). North Shore heritage thematic review report, Vol.2. Auckland: Auckland Council.

The area
This overlay encompasses pockets of housing that are predominantly located in Northcote Point south of Onewa Road. This overlay also encompasses a small area in central Birkenhead.

Statement of values
The Northcote Historic Character area has moderate historical value as one of the earliest areas of development on the North Shore. Northcote Point was originally surveyed during the 1840s and sales began in the 1860s. Much of the land was initially sold to speculative investors, though the Hospital Board and Roman Catholic Church were also large landholders following endowments from the Crown. Large scale settlement in the area began during the 1880s following the introduction of a steam ferry service to Stokes Point in 1873. Market gardens flourished in the area, creating rural-suburban character and attracting city-dwellers for day trips. Following WWI, there was an influx of immigrants to the area, resulting in a building boom. A second building boom following WWII when the land endowed to the Hospital Board and Roman Catholic Church became available for development. Northcote Point also has important historical associations with the Auckland Harbour Bridge, which represents a significant period of development and an important aspect of regional history. Northcote’s development had previously suffered from a lack of easy access, and although the introduction of the bridge required the realignment and redirection of several major roads, most residents were in favour of the access the bridge would provide to the city. The bridge spurred an influx of new residents and the local government responded to this through a series of policies that encouraged multi-unit housing and high rise development. Public backlash saw the government reverse this decision in the 1970s.

The Northcote Historic Character Area also has considerable value for its physical and aesthetic attributes, in particular the distinctive natural values and the ways that development and architecture have responded to the landform. The harbour promontories, significant ridgelines, geological outcrops and the volcanic cones form the context for and have a strong influence on the character of the built environment of these areas, and also give prominence to features such as mature trees and landmark status to the more distinctive heritage buildings.

Periods of significance
1880s-1910s
1940s-1960s
Key characteristics
• Predominantly late Victorian and Edwardian period timber housing, but also bungalows (1920s-1930s) and post-war state housing
• Low fences
• Small setbacks
• Street and subdivision patterns follow natural landform
• Well-vegetated
• Landscape amenity (coastline, underlying topography, bush reserves)
• Views to city and Rangitoto

References and further information
Refer to:
Matthews & Matthews Architects, Ltd. (2005). Northcote Historic Residential Neighbourhoods: Heritage and Character Study.