The following provisions form part of the district plan.

1. The rules in this section relate to network utilities and electricity generation facilities and exclude airports, ports, lighthouses, navigation aids and beacons, which are addressed in the relevant zone rules.

2. These rules override the zone rules and the rules for the overlays identified below. For activities within the CMA, refer to the General Coastal Marine zone.

3. The special purpose zones and overlays stated in the activity table include the zones and overlays listed below:
a. Special purpose zones
i. Airport
ii. Cemeteries
iii. Maori Purpose
iv. Healthcare Facility
v. Major Recreation Facilities
vi. Quarries.

b. Overlays
i. Coastal Protection Yard
ii. Significant Ecological Areas (SEAs)
iii. Outstanding Natural Character (ONC)
iv. Water Supply Catchment Wetland Management Areas
v. High Natural Character (HNC) and Outstanding Natural Landscapes (ONLs)
vi. Heritage
v. Maori Land
vi. Sites of significance to Mana Whenua

4. For this section, 'road' has the same meaning as in s. 315 of the Local Government Act 1974. Section 315 does not include a motorway within the meaning of the Government Roading Powers Act 1989. In this section, 'unformed or paper road' means land that was legally established as road prior to 1996 but is not formed or maintained by Auckland Transport as a public road.

Any zoning ceases to have effect from the time the land is vested or dedicated as a road. At the time when the road is stopped, the zoning reverts to that of the adjoining land, and where there are two different zones it extends to the centre line of the former road.

5. Overlay rules in the activity table override the rules applying to zones and to unformed roads.  Permitted activities within roads (excluding unformed roads) are not subject to the overlay rules.

6. Where relevant, the requirements of the National Code of Practice for Utility Operators’ Access to Transport Corridors will apply to the placement, maintenance, improvement and removal of utility structures in the road, unformed road and Strategic Transport Corridor.

7. This section controls the structures and not the network discharges associated with network utilities and energy facilities. For network discharge controls refer to the Natural Environment rules.

8. The requirements of the Resource Management (National Environmental Standards for Electricity Transmission Activities “NESET”) Regulations 2009 will apply to the operation, maintenance, upgrading, relocation or removal of transmission line(s) that were operating or able to be operated on or prior to 14 January 2010.

9. The Resource Management (National Environmental Standards for Telecommunication Facilities “NESTF”) Regulations 2008 provide for:
a. the planning and operation of a telecommunication facility such as a mobile phone transmitter, that generates radio frequency fields as a permitted activity provided it complies with the New Zealand Standard on Radiofrequency Fields Part 1: Maximum Exposure Levels 3 kHz to 300 GHz (NZS 2772.1: 1999)
b. the installation of telecommunication equipment cabinets in the road reserve as a permitted activity, subject to specified limitations on their size and location
c. noise from telecommunication equipment cabinets located in the road reserve as a permitted activity, subject to the specified noise limits
d. the installation or replacement of masts and antennas on existing structures in the road reserve as a permitted activity, subject to specified limitations on height and size.

1. The council will publicly notify resource consent applications for large-scale wind farms.

Permitted activities must comply with the following controls:

1. Reinstatement
a. Where the establishment, maintenance or upgrading of a network utility or electricity generation facility involves the disturbance of the ground outside the road, unformed road and Strategic Transport Corridor zone, the utility operator responsible for the work must reinstate the ground to at least the condition existing prior to work starting.

These controls only apply to network utilities.

1. Temporary network utilities
a. On disestablishment of the temporary works, all temporary network utilities, buildings and structures must be removed from the site. 

2. Building area
a. The maximum building area for structures, excluding electricity and telecommunication support structures is 6m². This excludes telecommunication cabinets authorised under NESTF.

3. Height
a. The maximum building height for structures, excluding electricity and telecommunication support structures, telecommunication devices, earth peaks, lightning rods and GPS antennas  is 2.3m. 

b. The maximum height for electricity and telecommunication support structures is 25m.

Permitted activities must comply with the following controls:

1. Temporary network utilities
a. On disestablishment of the temporary works, all temporary network utilities and electricity generation facilities buildings and structures must be removed from the site.

b. The site must be reinstated to the original form and condition.

2. Building area
a. The maximum building area for structures, excluding electricity and telecommunication support structures, in the Residential zone is 20m² and 30m² in all other zones.

Excludes:

• buildings in Industrial zones
• substations incorporated within a building complying with the rules for the relevant zone.

3. Height
a. The maximum building height for structures, excluding electricity and telecommunication support structures; telecommunication devices, earth peaks, lightning rods and GPS antennas, is 2.3m.

b. The maximum height for electricity and telecommunication support structures is 25m.

4. Yards
a. Electricity and telecommunication support structures where the adjoining site is zoned Residential, Retirement Village or Special Purpose must be set back at least 5m.

5. Height in relation to boundary
a. All buildings, excluding electricity and telecommunication support structures, on sites adjoining a Residential, Retirement Village or Special Purpose zone must comply with the height in relation to boundary control for the relevant zone in which they are located.

Specific activities are not required to comply with the controls in clauses 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 for network utilities and electricity generation facilities.

Minor infrastructure upgrading
1. For the purposes of this rule, minor infrastructure upgrading will be considered minor, provided it meets the following controls:
a. minor realignments that include a realignment, reconfiguration or relocation of an existing:
i. electricity, gas distribution or telecommunication line, pipe, pole, conductors, cross arms or cabinets
ii. water, wastewater or stormwater pipe or structure or ancillary structures
that is within 2m of the existing alignment or location
b. all alterations to electricity or telecommunication lines, including the placement of telecommunications equipment on any existing poles, that:
i. do not increase the number of conductors or wires by more than 100 per cent, or
ii. comprise new conductors or wires that have a diameter greater than 20 per cent of the combined diameter of the existing wires or conductors being replaced, or
iii. include cross arms with a length exceeding the existing length by more than 100 per cent
c. the addition of:
i. earthwires, either overhead or underground, and underground earthgrids, which may contain telecommunications lines, and earthpeaks, or
ii. the provision of additional above-ground conductors on the existing poles
d. any pole which replaces an existing pole provided that:
i. if it is in the road, it must not have a diameter that is more than the existing pole's diameter at its largest point plus 50 per cent, and
ii. it must not have a height greater than 25m, and
iii. it must be located not more than 2m from the existing pole, or
iv. if an antenna is added onto an existing or replacement pole, the combined height must not exceed the height limit specified for the zone by more than 6m, or
v. in urban environments it must be in a position as close as possible to the boundary with adjacent sites, provided that the boundary edge of the structure must be not more than 0.4m from the boundary line between the two sites, at a perpendicular angle to that boundary line, or
vi. if in the berm between the footpath and the road, the pole is no more than 0.6m from the formed road, or closer than 0.4m to the existing pole, provided that the replacement pole is at least 0.6m from the formed road
e. modification of existing pole:
i. only where the mechanical loading requirements make this necessary in order to undertake reconductoring or the reconfiguration of equipment, such as staywires, anchor blocks, on existing overhead electricity and telecommunication lines, or
ii. when modifications to structures are required to meet mechanical loading requirements provided that the height and profile of any modified support structures remains the same or similar as existed prior to the improvements
f. the installation of new mid-span electricity poles in existing networks to address clearances in NZECP 34:2001
g. an increase in the power carrying or operating capacity, efficiency or security of electricity lines, gas distribution lines and telecommunications lines, where this uses the existing network utility and meets the requirements of clauses c.- f. above
h. alterations or replacement of existing water, wastewater or stormwater structures provided that:
i. there must be no more than a 105 per cent increase in the width, length and/or height of the structure, or
ii. the structure is located within the same footprint as the original structure and does not exceed more than 105 per cent of the height of the original structure, or
i. replacement of existing aboveground water, wastewater or stormwater pipes provided that the pipe does not exceed 300mm in diameter, or
j. replacement of underground water, wastewater or stormwater pipes provided that there must be no more than a 50 per cent increase in the diameter of the pipe.
k. does not involve a new or relocated outfall structure that discharges to an area outside of the influence of the current outfall structure.
l. does not increase the potential for flooding or erosion.

2. Provided that all minor infrastructure upgrading:
a. will comply with the National Radiation Laboratory Guidelines
b. will not result in radio-frequency fields produced by the network utility exceeding the maximum exposure level of the general public in the New Zealand Standard for  Radiofrequency Fields Part 1: Maximum Exposure Levels 3 kHz to 300GHz (NZS 2772.1: 1999) measured at all places reasonably accessible to the general public.

Standalone pipe and cable bridges
3. Pipe and cable bridges must not exceed:
a. 25m in length
b. 1m in diameter.

Electricity transmission and distribution
Electromagnetic fields
4. Network utilities that emit electromagnetic field emissions must comply with the New Zealand National Radiation Laboratory Guidelines.

5. Any activity that does not comply with the above control is a non-complying activity.

Substations
6. Noise from substations located next to land zoned residential must not exceed:
a. LAeq (15 min) 55dB between Monday to Saturday 7am–10pm and Sunday and Public Holidays 9am–6pm
b. LAeq (15 min) 45dB and LAFmax 75dB at all other times.
c. Noise levels must be measured in accordance with New Zealand Standard on the Measurement of environmental sound (6801: 2008) and assessed in accordance with New Zealand Standard  Acoustics – environmental noise (6802: 2008), except:
i. the measurement of noise must not be subject to any tonal adjustment
ii. the noise level must be measured at 1m from the façade of the closest residential building.

Telecommunications
Antennas attached to buildings
7. Antennas attached to buildings, excluding provision for lightning rods, GPS antennas, telecommunication devices and earthpeaks, must not exceed the height of the point of attachment to the building by more than the following:



Table 1

Zone / overlay group	Permitted height
• Rural zones • Marinas zone (land) and Minor Port zone (land) • Future Urban zone • Industrial zones, centres and mixed use zones and the Business Park (excluding the Local Centre and Neighbourhood Centre zones) • Special purpose zones	5m
• Local Centres and Neighbourhood Centres • Public Open Space zones • Overlays	3.5m

Number of antennas
8. For the Local Centre and Neighbourhood Centre zones:

Table 2

Roof area (plan view)	Number of antennas per site
300m2 or less	4
Greater than 300m2 and less than 1000m2	8
1000m2 or more	12

9. For all other zones the number of antennas is 12.

10. For the Historic Character overlays, antennas and associated ancillary electrical devices must be attached to the building so they do not protrude above the roof line of the part of the building to which they are attached. Where attached to the front facade, the antenna and any ancillary electrical devices must be attached so they have a maximum horizontal projection of 450mm from the face of the building. Where attached to the front facade of the building, the antenna and associated ancillary electrical devices must be colour matched to the part of the building to which they are attached.

The above controls do not apply where the antenna and any ancillary electrical devices are not visible when viewed at a height 1.8m above street level from any part of any road which is located within the character overlay.

Height of masts and attached antennas (excludes the NESTF)
11. Masts and attached antennas identified as permitted and controlled activities in the activity status table must comply with the following height limits, excluding provision for lightning rods and GPS antennas, telecommunication devices and earthpeaks.

Table 3

Zone groups	Height
- Rural zones  - Industrial zones  - Special purpose zones  - Strategic Transport Corridor zone	25m
- Roads and unformed roads	17m

Electricity generation - wind generation

Scale and location
12. Meteorological masts for wind research and exploration must not exceed 90m in height.

13. Roof-mounted wind turbines for small-scale distributed renewable electricity generation must:
a. not exceed the permitted height of the zone by more than 3m
b. have a rotor diameter no more than 2.5m
c. be limited to one per dwelling within the residential zones and the Retirement Village zone.

14. Freestanding wind turbines for small-scale distributed renewable electricity generation must comply with the following table:

Table 4

Zone	Height (m)	Rotor diameter (m)
Residential zones and the Retirement Village zone	12	2.5
Rural zones and industrial zones	20	5
All other zones	15	3

15. In residential  zones and the Retirement Village zone, freestanding wind turbines for small-scale distributed renewable electricity generation are limited to one per site.

16. Wind turbine towers, either freestanding tubular, lattice or tubular mast supported by guy wires, for community–scale distributed renewable electricity generation facility must not exceed 25m in height.

17. Small and community scale wind turbines on sites adjoining residential zones or the Retirement Village zone must meet the height in relation to boundary control for the relevant zone in which they are located.
 
18. There is no height limit for wind turbine towers associated with large-scale wind farms.

Setbacks
19. All meteorological masts, associated guy wires and ground anchors must be within the boundary of any site.

20. Wind turbine towers must be set back from the boundary of the site on which the wind turbine is located at a distance equivalent to the length of the turbine blades. The tips of the turbine blades must stay within the site at all times.
 
Shadow flicker
21. No dwellings on a neighbouring property will be exposed to more than 30 hours of shadow flicker per year based on realistic shadow flicker hours calculations from large-scale wind farms.

Noise
22. Noise associated with the construction of a wind farm must comply with New Zealand Standard on Acoustics – Construction Noise (NZS 6803: 1999).
 
23. Noise associated with the operation of a wind farm noise must comply with New Zealand Standard on Acoustics – Wind Farm Noise (NZS 6808: 2010).
 
24. Noise associated with the operation of small or community scale wind turbines must comply with the relevant noise standards of the zone.
 
25. Noise associated with the construction of a large-scale wind farm must comply with New Zealand Standard on Acoustics – Construction Noise (NZS 6803: 1999).

26. Noise associated with the operation of a large-scale wind farm must comply with New Zealand Standard on Acoustics – Wind Farm Noise (NZS 6808: 2010).

Antennas attached to replacement utility structures that do not comply with Regulation 7 of the Resource Management NESTF in roads, unformed roads and the Strategic Transport Corridor zone
1. The total height of the structure may exceed the permitted height increase of 3m or 30 per cent, whichever is lesser, by an additional 0.5m.

2. The maximum diameter of any shroud is 600mm.

3. There is no limit on the size of antennas where contained within a shroud not exceeding the above limits.

The council will restrict its control to the matters below for the activities listed as controlled in the activity table:

1. Removal of network utilities
a. Visual amenity
b. Health and safety
c. Earthworks.

2. Emergency works
a. The type, extent and duration of the emergency works
b. The adverse effects of the emergency works on the integrity and values of the overlay
c. Any mitigation measures proposed to reduce the impact of the emergency works; particularly where the works will be on-going after the event.

3. Antennas attached to replacement utility structure that do not comply with Regulation 7 of the Resource Management (National Environmental Standards for Telecommunication Facilities) Regulations 2008 in roads, unformed roads and Strategic Transport Corridor
a. Visual amenity
b. Height, size and scale
c. Use of shroud to encompass antennas.

4. Stormwater detention/retention ponds
a. Proximity to watercourses
b. Size and location
c. Access for maintenance
d. Earthworks
e. Landscaping and fencing
f. Visual effects.

1. Refer to the relevant assessment criteria in clause 4.2.2 as it relates to the matters of control for the activity.

1. The council will restrict its discretion to the matters in the table below, for the activities listed as restricted discretionary in the activity table:
a. Visual effects
b. Earthworks
c. Design, scale and height
d. Technical and operational constraints
e. Health and safety
f. The positive benefits derived from the infrastructure and network
g. Landscaping
h. Potential to constrain future planned development
i. Noise
j. Odour
k. The integrity of the infrastructure and network
l. The adverse effects of the infrastructure (construction and ongoing operation) on the integrity and values of any relevant overlay
m. Ecological impacts
n. Impact on areas or values of significance to mana whenua
o. The functional need of infrastructure to be located in the proposed location
p. Vegetation clearance
q. Electrical interference
r. Measure required to avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse effects
s. Function and amenity of the streetscape, where located in a road
t. Shadow Flicker
u. Separation from existing residential dwellings
v. Number of antennas 

1. Visual effects
a. The extent to which, when adding infrastructure, cumulative adverse visual effects on the existing character of an area, can be avoided, remedied or mitigated.

2. Earthworks
a.The extent to which earthworks are required for the construction of the infrastructure.

3. Design, scale and height
a. The extent to which the design, scale and height of the proposed infrastructure will internalise or mitigate the adverse effects, as far as practicable.

4. Technical and operational constraints of the infrastructure
a. The extent to which the technical and operational requirements of the proposed infrastructure restrict the location, height and size.

5. Health and safety
a. The extent to which the proposed infrastructure will affect the health and safety of people and communities.
b. The positive effects derived from the infrastructure and network.
c. Whether the infrastructure or upgrade proposed will benefit and contribute to the social and economic development, and wellbeing of businesses, people and communities.

6. Landscaping
a. Whether landscaping mitigates the visual impact on the surrounding natural and built environments by screening infrastructure.

7. Potential to constrain future planned development
a. The extent to which the infrastructure proposed has the likelihood of conflicting with foreseeable activities in the area.

8. Noise
a. Whether the amenity values of the surrounding land uses will be adversely affected by noise emissions from the proposed infrastructure and the extent or impact of such effects.

9. Odour
a. Whether the amenity values of the surrounding land uses will be adversely affected by odour emissions from the proposed infrastructure and the extent or impact of such effects.

10. The integrity of the infrastructure and network
a. Whether the infrastructure proposed will improve the resilience and security of the network.

11. The adverse effects of the infrastructure (construction and ongoing operation) on the integrity and values of any relevant overlay
a. The extent to which the construction and ongoing operation of the infrastructure will impact on the integrity and values of the relevant overlay.

12. Ecological impacts
a. The extent to which the following adverse effects on ecological areas will be avoided, remedied or mitigated:
i. Removal or modification of significant indigenous vegetation or habitats
ii. Discharges to air and water
iii. Risks associated with the storage of hazardous substances
iv. Impact on areas or values of significance to mana whenua
b. The extent to which adverse effects on areas or values of significance to mana whenua will be avoided, remedied or mitigated.

13. The functional need of infrastructure to be located in the proposed location
a. Whether the proposed location of infrastructure will meet the functional requirements of the infrastructure.

14. Vegetation removal
a. Whether vegetation removal is required for the construction of the infrastructure and the extent of any proposed removal.

15. Electrical interference
a. The extent to which the location of the infrastructure proposed creates electrical interference with existing infrastructure in the area.

16. Measures required to avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse effects
a. Whether any measures are proposed to avoid, remedy or mitigate the adverse effects.

17. Function and amenity of the streetscape, where located in a road
a. Whether new infrastructure in a road will detract from the visual amenity values of the streetscape or compromise the function of public amenities.

18. Shadow Flicker
a. The extent to which any shadow flicker effects will arise beyond the limits specified in the controls.

19. Separation from existing dwellings
a. Whether there is an adequate separation distance between the proposed infrastructure and existing dwellings so that building dominance is minimised.

20. Number of antennas
a. The extent of the adverse effects on the visual amenity values of an area from exceeding the number of antennas permitted on the roof, as specified in the controls.

The following table specifies the activity status of car parking, loading and access activities in all zones. A site may contain more than one of the listed activities.

Activity	Activity Status
Any activity that does not comply with the development controls for car parking, loading and access	RD
Any activity that has access within part of a site subject to vehicle access restriction under clause 4.2.1.2.3.3.1.2	RD
Any vehicle access across a site boundary subject to a:  • vehicle access restriction - general in the City Centre zone  • Key Retail Frontage overlay	NC
Any building or structure located within a sightline area	RD
Park-and-ride	RD
Short-term car parking (non-accessory) in these zones and locations:  • City Centre  • parking overlay - city centre fringe  • Metropolitan Centre  • Town Centre  • Local Centre	D
Long-term car parking (non-accessory) in these zones and locations:  • City Centre  • parking overlay - city centre fringe	NC
Long-term car parking (non-accessory) in these zones:  • Metropolitan Centre  • Town Centre  • Local Centre	D
Off-site car parking (non-accessory)	D

1. The council will consider the following activities without the need for public or limited notification. However, limited notification may be given to NZTA for:
a. any activity or development which does not meet the development controls for car parking, loading and access with respect to vehicle access to a state highway
b. any activity or development having access within part of a site subject to a Vehicle Access Restriction-Motorway Interchange Control.

2. The council will consider the following activities without the need for public or limited notification. However, limited notification may be given to New Zealand Railways Corporation for:
a. any activity or development having access within part of a site subject to a Vehicle Access Restriction-Adjacent to a road/rail level crossing.
b. any building or structure located within a sightline area applying to a road/rail level crossing with sightline controls.

3. Applications to exceed the car parking maximums in the City Centre zone specified in Table 1a will be subject to the normal tests for notification under the relevant sections of the RMA.

4. Applications for the following activities will be considered without the need for public or limited notification or the need to obtain the written approval of affected parties:
a. applications for any restricted discretionary activities not covered in 1-3 above
b. Park-and-Ride not exceeding 200 car parking spaces.

Car parking and loading spaces and associated manoeuvring and access must be provided for all activities in accordance with the minimum rates specified unless otherwise stated in the Unitary Plan. In some locations, maximum car parking rates apply. For some activities, such as offices, both maximum and minimum rates apply in some locations.

3.1.1. Car parking
1. The number of car parking spaces required or permitted accessory to any activity is set out in Table 1. These controls apply unless the Unitary Plan specifies otherwise. The number of car parking spaces must:
a. not exceed the maximum rates specified in tables 1a, 1b and 1c in the locations where these apply
b. meet the minimum rates specified in Table 1c in the locations where these apply
c. meet the minimum rates and not exceed the maximum rates specified in Table 1c in locations where both apply.

2. Where a site supports more than one activity, the parking requirement of each activity must be separately determined. The parking rates for the parts of any activity must also be separately determined where separate rates are listed in the table which applies. If any activity is not represented in Table 1c, the activity closest in nature to the proposed activity must be used.

Table 1a: Car parking rates for City Centre zone

Activity/site		City Centre zone maximum rate
Sites subject to a vehicle access restriction - general	All uses where vehicle access to the car parking would be within part of a site subject to a vehicle access restriction -general	No car parking permitted
Dwellings	Dwellings 0-74m2 GFA	0.7 per dwelling
	Dwellings 75-89m2 GFA	1.4 per dwelling
	Dwellings >90m2 GFA	1.7 per dwelling
	Visitor spaces	0.2 per dwelling
All other uses		1:200 m2 GFA

Table 1b: Car parking rates for sites within the Parking overlay for the City Centre fringe area and the Metropolitan, Town, Local Centres, Mixed Use and Terraced Housing and Apartment Buildings zones

Activity		Parking overlay for the City Centre fringe area and the Metropolitan, Town, Local Centres, Mixed Use and Terraced Housing and Apartment Buildings zones
		Maximum rate
Sites subject to a key retail frontage overlay	All uses where vehicle access to the car parking would be within part of a site subject to a building frontage - key retail frontage overlay	No car parking permitted
Residential	Dwellings - studio or 1 bedroom	1 per dwelling
	Dwellings - two or more bedrooms	2 per dwelling
	Visitor spaces	0.2 per dwelling
	Retirement villages	1 per unit plus 0.2 visitor space per unit
	Supported residential care	0.3 per bed
	Visitor accommodation	1 per unit. Or, where accommodation is not provided in the form of units, 0.3 per bedroom
	Boarding houses	0.5 per bedroom
Offices		1 per 60 m2 GFA within the parking overlay - city centre fringe 1 per 30 m2 GFA elsewhere
Retail	Food and beverage (excluding taverns)	1 per 10m2 GFA and outdoor seating area
	All other retail	1 per 20m2 GFA
Care centres		0.10 per child or person (other than employees) plus 0.5 per employee
Education facilities	Primary and secondary	0.5 per employee 1 visitor space per classroom
	Tertiary	0.5 per employee 0.25 per student the facility is designed to accommodate
Medical facilities	Hospital	1 per 40 m2 GFA
	Healthcare services	1 per 20 m2 GFA
All other uses not listed above		1 per 20 m2 GFA

Table 1c: Car parking rates - all other areas

Activity		All other areas Rate (minimum unless otherwise specified)
Residential	Dwellings - studio or 1 bedroom	1 per dwelling
	Dwellings - two or more bedrooms	2 per dwelling
	Home occupations	1 per dwelling except where both of the following apply:  • all employees live on the site of the home occupation  • goods and services are not sold from the site (except electronically or by mail/courier)
	Retirement village	0.7 per unit plus 0.2 visitor space per unit
	Supported residential care	0.3 per bed
	Visitor accommodation	1 per unit Or, where accommodation is not provided in the form of units, 0.3 per bedroom
	Boarding houses	0.5 per room
Offices		A minimum of one per 45 m2 GFA A maximum of one per 30 m2 GFA
Commercial services, excluding veterinary clinics, storage and lockup facilities		1 per 25 m2 GFA
Retail	Taverns	1 per 20 m2 GFA
	Trade suppliers	1 per 50m2 internal GFA 1 per 100m2 of outdoor storage or display areas
	All other retail (including food and beverage)	1 per 25 m2 GFA
Industrial activities and storage and lock-up facilities		1 per 50 m2 GFA
Entertainment facilities, clubrooms and community facilities		0.2 per person the facility is designed to accommodate
Care centres		0.10 per child or person, other than employees plus 0.5 per employee
Education facilities	Primary and secondary	0.5 per employee 1 visitor space per classroom
	Tertiary	0.5 per employee 0.25 per student the facility is designed to accommodate
Medical facilities	Hospitals	1 per 40 m2 GFA
	Healthcare services	1 per 20 m2 GFA
	Veterinary clinics	1 per 20 m2 GFA
Public open space zones	Activities located within buildings	Refer to rates for relevant activity e.g. entertainment facilities and community facilities
	Land used for organised sport and recreation	No minimum rate for accessory car parking
	Land used for passive recreation	No minimum rate for accessory car parking
	Land adjacent to a public boat launching ramp	No minimum rate for accessory car parking associated with boat launching
Water transport	Marinas	0.5 per berth provided
	Minor ports at Gabador Place, Tamaki and Onehunga	0.5 per employee intended to be working in or at the facility at any one time
All other uses		If any activity is not represented in Table 1, the activity closest in nature to the new activity must be used

3.1.2. Cycle parking
1. The activities specified in Table 2 must provide the minimum number of cycle parking spaces specified.

Table 2: Required cycle parking rates

Land use		Visitor (short-stay)	Secure (long-stay)
Residential	Developments of 20 or more dwellings	1 per 20 dwellings within a single building	1 per dwelling without a dedicated garage
	Visitor accommodation	1 per 20 rooms/beds	1 per 15 employees
Offices		1 per 800 m2 GFA of office	1 per 10 employees
Industrial activities and storage and lockup facilities		1 plus 1 space per 800 m2 GFA of associated office	1 per 20 employees
Education facilities	Primary and Intermediate schools	1 plus 1 space per 400 students and staff at the school	1 per 15 employees and students
	Secondary schools	1 plus 1 space per 400 students and staff at the school	1 per 10 equivalent full time staff and students
	Tertiary education facilities	1 per 800 m2 GFA office, to be located outside the main entrance of each department	1 per 20 students and staff on site at the peak times Spaces should be distributed around the campus
Medical facilities	Hospitals	-	1 per 15 employees
	Healthcare facilities	-	1 per 15 employees
	Veterinary clinics	-	1 per 15 employees
Entertainment and community facilities		1 per 25 visitors, up to a maximum of 200 spaces	1 per 15 employees

3.1.3. End-of-trip facilities
1. The activities specified in Table 3 must provide end-of-trip facilities as listed below.


Table 3: Required end-of-trip facilities

Land use	Secure lockers	GFA	No. of showers and changing facilities required
Offices, education facilities, medical facilities	1 per long stay cycle park	≤1000m2	- one unisex shower where the shower and associated changing facilities are provided independently of gender separated toilets; or  - a minimum of two showers (one separate shower per gender) with associated gender separated changing facilities
		Every additional 7500m2	One additional shower

3.1.4. Number of loading spaces
1. All activities must provide loading spaces as specified in Table 4.

Table 4: Minimum loading space requirements

Location	Activity	GFA	Minimum rate
Sites where all of the road frontages are subject to: - a vehicle access restriction - general in the City Centre zone - a building frontage - key retail frontage overlay	All activities	-	No loading permitted
All other sites	Retail and industrial activities	0-100m2	No loading
		101-5000m2	1
		5001-10,000m2	2
		>10,000m2	3 plus 1 for every additional 7,500m2
	All other activities	0-5000m2	No loading
		5001-20,000m2	1
		20,001-90,000m2	2
		>90,000m2	3 plus 1 for every additional 40,000m2

3.1.5. Assessment of GFA
1. Where provided within a building, the area of any of the following activities is excluded from the assessment of GFA for the purpose of calculating the total number of car parking or loading spaces permitted or required:
a. any permitted or required car parking space or spaces, vehicle accesses and manoeuvring area or aisle
b. any required cycle parking
c. any required loading space or spaces.

3.1.6. Fractional spaces
1. Where the calculation of the required or permitted car parking results in a fractional space, any fraction that is less than one-half will be disregarded and any fraction of one-half or more will be counted as one space. For example, if the number of car parking spaces is between 12.1-12.4, the actual number of spaces required or permitted must be rounded down to 12. If the calculation is between 12.5-12.9 spaces, the number of spaces required or permitted will be rounded to 13. If there are different activities within a development, the car parking required or permitted for each activity must be added together prior to rounding.

3.1.7. Accessible car parking
1. Where car parking is provided, the Building Code requires car parking spaces to be provided for people with disabilities and accessible routes from the car parking spaces to the associated activity or road. The dimensions and accessible route requirements are detailed in the New Zealand Building Code D1/AS1 New Zealand Standard for Design for Access and Mobility – Buildings and Associated Facilities (NZS 4121-2001).

3.2.1 Size and location of car parking spaces

1. Every car parking space must:
a. comply with the dimensions given in Table 5 and Figure 1.
Note - All dimensions are in metres (m)

b. be located on the same site as the activity to which it relates unless one of the following criteria is met: i. the car parking is located in a Public Open Space zone and the reserve, park or recreation area consists of more than one adjoining Certificate of Title. In that case, the car parking must be located within the same reserve, park or recreation area as the activity to which it relates
ii. resource consent is granted to an alternative arrangement, such as shared car parking or non-accessory car parking
c. not be used for any other purpose
d. be kept clear and available at all times, except where stacked car parking is permitted by clause 4.2.1.2.3.2.3.b
e. be provided with adequate and usable access to the activity or building it is associated with
f. be located outside any:
i. required yard on the site
ii. area designated for road widening
g. not to be sold or leased separately from the activity for which it provides required or permitted car parking.

Table 5: Car parking space and manoeuvring dimensions

Car parking angle	Width of car parking space	Depth of car parking space		Manoeuvring space	Total
		From wall*	From kerb**
90 degrees	2.5m	5.0m	4.0m	7.7m	12.7m
	2.6			7.0	12.0
	2.7			6.7	11.7
75 degrees	2.5	5.2	4.2	6.3	11.5
	2.6			5.2	10.4
	2.7			4.2	9.4
60 degrees	2.5	5.2	4.2	4.1	9.3
	2.6			3.5	8.7
	2.7			3.3	8.5
45 degrees	2.5	5.0	4.2	3.0	8.0
	2.6			3.0	8.0
	2.7			3.0	8.0
30 degrees	2.5	4.0	3.4	2.8	6.8
	2.6			2.8	6.8
	2.7			2.8	6.8
0 degrees  (parallel)***	2.1	6.0	-	3.7	-

Notes
* Where a car parking space adjoins a wall or high kerb that does not allow vehicles to overhang.
** Kerb overhang. Applies where a vehicle may overhang the end of a space, provided that the first 1m immediately behind the space is unobstructed and does not form part of another car parking or loading space, or is not required as part of pedestrian walkway or footpath. Wheel stops are required where a car parking space would otherwise overhang onto a pedestrian walkway or footpath.
*** Where a parallel end space has direct access through the end of the space, the depth of space can be reduced to 5.4m.

3.2.2. Size and location of loading spaces

1. Every loading space must:
a. comply with the dimensions given in Table 6.

Table 6: Loading space dimensions

Activity	Length of loading space (m)	Width of loading space (m)
Retail and industrial activities	11	3.5
All other activities	8	3.5
All sites and developments designed to accommodate articulated vehicles	18	3.5

b. be located on the same site as the activity to which it relates, be available at all times, be located adjacent to an area for goods handling and be convenient to any service area or service lift(s).
c. be located outside any:
i. required yard on the site
ii. area designated for road widening.

3.2.3. Access and manoeuvring
1. Every car parking and/or loading space must:
a. have access drives and aisles for entry/exit of vehicles to/from the road, and for vehicle manoeuvring within the site. Access and manoeuvring areas must accommodate the 85 percentile car and 99 truck tracking curves in Figure 2 and Figure 3 with the exception of:
i. dwellings, where only the 85 percentile car tracking curve will apply.
ii. in the Heavy Industry, Light Industry, and General Business zones where access and manoeuvring areas must accommodate a tracking curve for an appropriately sized truck for the type of activities to be carried out on the site
b. where dwellings provide more than one car parking space, one space per dwelling may be stacked. Stacked car parking means access is required through another car parking space.

3.2.4. Reverse manoeuvring
1. Sufficient space must be provided on the site so vehicles do not need to reverse off the site or onto or off the road from any:
a. rear site
b. other site where any of the following apply:
i. four or more parking spaces are served by a single access
ii. there is more 30m between the parking space and the road boundary of the site
ii. access would be within part of a site subject to a vehicle access restriction.

3.2.5. Vertical clearance
1. To ensure vehicles can pass safely under overhead structures, the minimum overhead clearances to access any car parking and loading spaces must be:
a. 2.3m where access and/or car parking for cars is provided
b. 2.5m where access and/or accessible car parking for people with disabilities is provided
c. 4.5m where access and/or loading for a heavy vehicle is required.
d. The minimum vertical clearance above car parking spaces for dwellings must be 2.1m.

3.2.6. Formation and gradient
1. Except for clause 4.2.1.2.3.2.6.2 below, the whole area of car parking and loading spaces, and manoeuvring areas and aisles must be formed, drained, provided with an all-weather surface to prevent dust and nuisance, and be marked out or delineated. This must be done before the activity to which those car parking and loading spaces relate commences, and maintained for as long as that activity is continued.

2. Car parking and loading spaces and manoeuvring areas and aisles do not need to be provided with an all-weather surface in the following zones:
a. Rural Conservation zone
b. Rural Coastal zone
c. Mixed Rural zone
d. Rural Production zone

3. The gradient for the surface of any car parking space must not exceed:
a. 1 in 25 in any direction for accessible spaces for people with disabilities
b. 1 in 20 (5 per cent) in any direction for other spaces.

4. The gradient for the manoeuvring area must not exceed 1 in 8.

3.2.7. Lighting
1. Lighting is required where there are 10 or more car parking spaces which are likely to be used during the hours of darkness. The car parking and manoeuvring areas and associated pedestrian routes must be adequately lit during use in a manner that complies with the cross-region lighting rules.

See following key

Key for 85 percentile car tracking curve

3.3.1. Vehicle access restrictions
1. Vehicle crossings must not locate within any part of a site which:
a. is subject to a vehicle access restriction - general in the City Centre zone
b. has frontage within a Key retail frontage overlay
Infringing this control is a non-complying activity.

2. except where consent has been granted by means of a restricted discretionary activity, vehicle crossings must not be located within any part of a site which:
a. is located within 10m of any intersection, as illustrated in Figure 4
b. is subject to a defined road boundary as in Figure 5
c. is subject to the following types of vehicle access restriction identified on the planning maps for the City Centre zone:
i. vehicle access restriction - motorway interchange control
ii. vehicle access restriction - level crossing
d. is subject to a vehicle access restriction identified on the planning maps outside of the City Centre zone
e. has frontage to a state highway other than a motorway and where the access does not meet the development controls for access to a state highway
f. has frontage to an arterial road as identified on the planning maps other than a state highway which is covered in clause 4.2.1.2.3.3.1.e.

3.3.2. Width and number of vehicle crossings

1. The maximum number of vehicle crossings permitted for any site and separation distance between crossings is specified in Table 6.

Table 6: Maximum number of vehicle crossings and separation distance between crossings

Location	Maximum number of vehicle crossings per site	Minimum separation from crossings serving adjacent sites	Minimum separation between crossings serving same site
Any part of a site subject to: • a vehicle access restriction - general in the City Centre zone • a Key retail frontage overlay	No crossings permitted	No crossings permitted	No crossings permitted
Any part of a site subject to: • a vehicle access restriction under clause 4.2.1.2.3.3.1.2 (see additional limitation below for site at 71-75 Grafton Road) • a General commercial frontage overlay	1	2m	Only one crossing permitted
Site at 71-75 Grafton Road	1 - located within the area identified on Figure 6	No limitation	Only one crossing permitted
All other sites	2	2m	6m

2. The width of a vehicle crossing(s) must meet the minimum width and not exceed the maximum width as specified in Table 7.

3. Where a site has frontage to both an arterial and non-arterial road, the vehicle crossing must be on the non-arterial road.

4. With the exception of vehicle crossings on unsealed roads, all vehicle crossings must be designed and constructed to maintain the level, colour, and materials of the footpath to clearly identify to vehicles that pedestrians have priority.

5. Vehicle crossings on unsealed roads must be formed using materials similar to the existing road surface or better. Where the vehicle crossing is served by an access steeper than 1 in 8, the vehicle crossing must be sealed for 6m between the site boundary and the unsealed road.

6. Where a vehicle crossing is altered or no longer required, the crossing, or redundant section of crossing, must be reinstated as berm and/or footpath and the kerbs replaced. The cost of such work will be borne by the owner of the site previously accessed by the vehicle crossing.

3.3.3. Width of vehicle access and queuing requirements

1. Every on-site car parking and loading space must have vehicle access from a road, with the vehicle access complying with the following standards for width:
a. meeting the minimum formed access width specified in Table 7
b. passing bays are required for any access within a site which is greater than 50m long and less than 5.5m wide. Passing bays must be provided at 50m intervals and allow two vehicles to safely pass each other. A passing bay must increase the formed width of the access to 5.5m over a 15m length.

2. Access must be designed so that vehicles using or waiting to use fuel dispensers, ticket vending machines, remote ordering facilities and devices, entrance control mechanisms, or other drive-through facilities do not queue into the adjoining road reserve or obstruct entry to or exit from the site.

Table 7: Vehicle crossing and vehicle access widths

Location of site frontage	Activity served by vehicle crossing	Minimum width of crossing at site boundary	Maximum width of crossing at site boundary	Minimum formed access width
City centre zone	All activities	2.5m	3.0m for one way traffic  5.5m for two way traffic	Serves nine or less car parking spaces	2.5m provided it is contained within a corridor clear of buildings or parts of building with a minimum width of 3m.  Passing bays required if access exceeds 50m in length.
				Serves two or less loading spaces
				Serves ten or more car parking spaces	5.5m
				Serves three or more loading spaces
All other zones	All activities excluding dwellings	3.5m for sites where access is from a state highway (excluding motorways)  3m for other sites	6.0m	Serves nine or less car parking spaces	2.5m provided it is contained within a corridor clear of buildings or parts of building with a minimum width of 3m.  Passing bays required if access exceeds 50m in length.
				Serves two or less loading spaces
				Serves ten or more car parking spaces	5.5m
				Serves three or more loading spaces
	1-5 dwellings	3.5m where access is from a state highway (excluding motorways)  2.5m for other sites	3.5m	2.5m provided it is contained within a corridor clear of buildings or parts of building with a minimum width of 3m.  Passing bays required if access exceeds 50m in length.
	6 or more dwellings	3.5m where access is from a state highway (excluding motorways)  2.8m for other sites	5.5m	Serves nine or less car parking spaces	As for 1-5 dwellings
				Serves 10 or more car parking spaces	5.5m  1.5m separate pedestrian access for rear sites

3.3.4. Gradient of vehicle access

1. The gradient of the access must not be steeper than specified in Table 8.

Table 8: Gradient of vehicle access

Access type	Maximum gradient
Vehicle access serving dwellings	1 in 5 (20%)
Vehicle access serving all other activities	1 in 8 (12.5%)

Note
For curved ramps and driveways, the gradient is measured along the inside radius (see Figure 7).

2. To avoid the underside of the car striking the ground, as illustrated in Figure 8, access with a change in gradient exceeding 1 in 8 (greater than 12.5 per cent change) must include transition sections to achieve adequate ground clearance, See Figure 9. Typically, a transition section requires a minimum length of 2m.

3. All vehicle access must be designed so that where the access adjoins the road there is sufficient space on-site for a level platform so that vehicles can stop safely and check for pedestrians and other vehicles prior to exiting. This is illustrated in Figure 10. The platform must have a maximum gradient of 1 in 20 (5 per cent) and a minimum length of 6m.

Correct


Incorrect

Note
The gradient change is determined by subtracting one gradient from the adjacent gradient, both expressed as percentages; if this is greater than a 12.5 per cent change, then a gradient transition will be required.

Correct


Incorrect

3.3.5. Vehicle crossings and access for state highways, excluding motorways

1. Vehicle access to a state highway, excluding motorways, is permitted where all of the following criteria are met:
a. the access is an existing authorised crossing place pursuant of s. 91 of the Government Roading Powers Act 1989
b. the access serves dwellings only
c. the access serves no more than three sites and no more than three dwellings.
d. the vehicle crossing is constructed in accordance with Figure 11 
e. the stopping sight distance is in accordance with Tables 9 and 10.
f. compliance with (d) and (e) is confirmed in writing by a chartered professional engineer at the time of resource, subdivision or building consent application, whichever is lodged first.

Access culvert headwall detail


Note: Access pipe bedding shows the cross section for B - B in Access culvert headwall detail diagram above.
          Concrete headwall shows the cross section for A - A in Access culvert headwall detail diagram above.

Notes for Figure 7:
1. R* is the radius of the curve
2. The dimension 3.5-6m refers to the width of the vehicle crossing. Appropriate width between these dimensions will depend on use.

Tables 9 and 10 must be used to determine whether a vehicle access to a state highway has safe stopping sight distances for approaching vehicles.

Table 9: Stopping sight distances for cars on state highways

Design speed (km/h)(1)	Minimum values(2) (stopping sight distances measured in metres)
40	40
50	55
60	73
70	92
80	114
90	139
100	165
110	193
120	224
130	257

Notes
(1) The design speed is generally the operating speed. The default value for this is the speed limit.
(2) The minimum values in this table are based on a general minimum reaction time of two seconds

Table 10: Corrections to stopping sight distances due to grade

Corrections due to grade	-8% gradient	-6% gradient	-4% gradient	-2% gradient	2% gradient	4% gradient	6% gradient	8% gradient
40 km/h	5m	3m	2m	1m	-1m	-2m	-2m	-3m
50 km/h	8	5	3	2	-1	-3	-4	-5
60 km/h	11	8	5	2	-2	-4	-6	-7
70 km/h	15	11	7	3	-3	-5	-8	-10
80 km/h	20	14	9	4	-4	-7	-10	-13
90 km/h	25	18	11	5	-5	-9	-13	-16
100 km/h	31	22	14	6	-6	-11	-16	-20
110 km/h	38	26	17	8	-7	-13	-19	-24
120 km/h	45	31	20	9	-8	-16	-22	-29
130 km/h	53	37	23	11	-10	-18	-26	-34

Note
This table sets out the distance (m) to be added or subtracted from the stopping sight distances in Table 9 to correct for gradient.

3.3.6. Sightlines for road/rail level crossings
1. Sites subject to sightlines for level crossings are identified on the planning maps. Level crossings with sightline controls are controlled by Stop or Give Way signs, rather than by alarms and/or barrier arms. If alarms and/or barrier arms are subsequently installed at these locations, the rules below cease to apply.

2. Approach sight triangles (see Figure 12)
a. on sites adjacent to the level crossings with sightline controls, buildings or structures cannot be located within the approach sight triangles identified on the planning maps.

b. the approach sight triangles are calculated by reference to Figure 12. For a single set of railway tracks, the sight triangles are defined by a triangle taken 30m from the outside rail and 320m along the railway track. For each additional set of tracks, 25m is added to the 320m along the railway track.

3. Restart sight triangles (see Figure 13)
a. On sites adjacent to the level crossing with sightline controls, buildings or structures cannot be located within the restart sight triangles identified on the planning maps.

b. The restart sight triangles are calculated by reference to Figure 13. For a single set of tracks, the sight triangles are defined by a triangle taken 5m from the outside rail and 677m along the railway track. For each additional set of tracks, 50m is added to the 677m along the railway track.

The council will restrict its discretion to the matters in the table below for the activities listed as restricted discretionary in the activity table.

Activity / matters of discretion	Adequacy for the site and the proposal	Design and location of access	Design of car parking, loading and access	Effects on intensification	Effects on pedestrian and streetscape amenity	Effects on the transport network
Any activity or development which provides more than the maximum permitted number of car parking spaces	X			X		X
Any activity or development which provides fewer than the required minimum number of car parking spaces	X					X
Any activity or development which infringes the development controls for cycle parking and end of trip facilities	X
Any activity or development which provides fewer than the minimum number of loading spaces	X					X
Any activity or development which infringes the development controls for design of car parking and loading areas or access	X		X		X	X
Any activity or development having access within part of a site subject to Vehicle Access Restriction under clause 4.2.1.2.3.3.1 (other than a site) • in the city centre zone subject to a vehicle access restriction - general • which has frontage within a building frontage - key retail frontage overlay	X	X			X	X
Any building or structure located within a sightline area applying to a road/rail level crossing with sightline controls.						X

Matters of discretion for park-and-ride
1. When considering an application for a restricted discretionary application for a park-and-ride, the council will restrict its discretion to the following matters:
a. Effect on the transport network
b. Location, design and external appearance
c. Compatibility with surrounding activities

When considering an application for a restricted discretionary activity for a proposal listed below, the council will consider the whether the proposal meets the criteria listed.

1. Providing more than the maximum permitted number of car parking spaces:
a. The additional land used for car parking will not undermine efficient use of land and planned intensification in and around the city centre, metropolitan, town and local centres, and within mixed use corridors.
b. The unique nature and/or operation of the proposed activities on the site requires additional car parking spaces.
c. The vehicle movements associated with the additional car parking spaces will not have an adverse effect on the safe and efficient operation of the adjacent transport network, including public transport and the movements of pedestrians, cyclists and general traffic. This includes considering the effect of additional car parking on trip generation from the site during peak commuter times.
d. There is insufficient alternative car parking in the surrounding area, including on street and public car parking, to provide the additional car parking sought for the proposal.
e. There is a lack of access to the frequent public transport network, because the site is not within walking distance of a stop or station on the frequent public transport network. Walking distance is generally considered to be 1km for a stop on the rapid transit network and 800m for other stops on the frequent public transport network. However, walking distance will vary depending on the slope, terrain, attractiveness of the pedestrian network, and the type of pedestrian
f. the applicant has demonstrated that it is not practicable to provide the additional car parking by entering into a shared car parking arrangement with another site or sites in the immediate vicinity
g. the applicant has demonstrated that the demand for the additional car parking cannot be adequately addressed by management of existing or permitted car parking. Depending on number of additional car parking spaces proposed, the number of employees, and the location of the site, this may need to be supported by a detailed travel plan outlining measures and commitments for the activity or activities on-site will minimise the need for private vehicle use and make efficient use of any car parking provided
h. the proposal is consistent with the recommendations of any Comprehensive Parking Management Plan or any other car parking plan prepared or adopted by Auckland Transport for the centre or area.

2. Providing fewer than the required minimum number of car parking spaces
a. The amount of car parking proposed is sufficient for the proposal due to:
i. the nature of the operation or the availability and accessibility of public transport
ii. the measures and commitments outlined in a detailed travel plan for the site which will reduce the need for vehicle use to a level where car parking demands can be satisfactorily addressed through efficient use of the proposed car parking.
b. The reduction in car parking will not result in adverse effects from car parking overspill on adjacent activities and the safe and efficient operation of the adjoining transport network.
c. There is public car parking on-street or off-street in the immediate vicinity with capacity and availability at the times required to serve the proposal. The council must have a reasonable expectation that the car parking will continue to be available to provide for the proposal.
d. Whether the car parking requirements of the proposal will be met by entering into a shared car parking arrangement with another site in the immediate vicinity that has available car parking spaces which are not required at the same time as the proposed activity. For example, the proposed activity operates outside of normal business hours and the activity on the other site only operates during normal business hours. In such a situation, the council will require a legal agreement between the applicant and owner and occupiers of the site confirming the arrangement.

3. Infringing the development controls for cycle parking and end-of-trip facilities
a. Sufficient provision is made for cyclists and active modes and changes in demand for such facilities can be accommodated if the operation or use changes over time, having regard to:
i. the nature of the operation and the likely demand for long and short-term cycle parking and end-of-trip facilities
ii. the availability of adequate public cycle parking for short-stay use in the vicinity. The council must have a reasonable expectation that the public cycle parking will continue to be available.
b. The provision made for cyclists and active modes is practicable and adequate given site limitations and layout, arrangement of buildings and activities, users and operational requirements.

4. Providing fewer than the required number of loading spaces
a. The loading arrangements proposed for the site will not adversely affect the safe and efficient operation of adjacent transport network, including public transport and pedestrian, cycle and general traffic movements.
b. The specific business practice, operation or type of customer associated with the proposed activities mean that the site will not need the standard number of loading spaces.
c. An accessible and adequate on-street loading space is available nearby or can be created while having regard to other demands for kerbside use of the road. The council must have a reasonable expectation that the loading space will continue to be available to provide for the proposal.
d. Loading can be provided on another site in the immediate vicinity that has available spaces which are not required at the same time as the proposed activity. In such a situation, the council will require a legal agreement between the applicant and the owner and occupiers of the other site confirming the arrangement.

5. Infringing the development controls for design of car parking and loading areas or access
a. The modification will not have an adverse effect on the safe and efficient operation of the adjacent transport network, including public transport, pedestrians, cyclists and general traffic, having regard to:
i. the effect of the modification on visibility and safe sight distances particularly the extent to which vehicles entering/exiting the site can see, and be seen by, pedestrians, cyclists and other vehicles on the footpath and road carriageway:
ii. existing and future traffic conditions including speed, volume, type, current accident rate and the need for safe manoeuvring in all weathers
iii. existing pedestrian numbers, and estimated future pedestrian numbers having regard to the level of development provided for in the Unitary Plan
iv. existing community or public infrastructure located in the adjoining road, such as bus stops, bus lanes and cycleways.
b. The modification will not have an adverse effect on pedestrian amenity or the amenity of the streetscape, having regard to:
i. the effect of additional crossings or crossings which exceed the maximum width
ii. giving priority to pedestrian amenity and the continuity of activities and pedestrian movement at street level in the city centre, metropolitan, town and local centre zones.
c. The modification results in car parking, loading and access arrangements which are practicable and adequate having regard to:
i. site limitations and layout, and configuration of buildings and activities, users and operational requirements.
ii. the ability of the access to accommodate the nature and volume of traffic and vehicle types expected to use the access. This may include considering whether a wider vehicle crossing is required to comply with the tracking curve applicable to the largest site anticipated to use the site regularly
iii. the desirability of separating truck movements accessing a site from customer vehicle movements
iv. whether reduced manoeuvring and car parking space dimensions can be accommodated because the car parking will be used by regular users familiar with the layout, rather than by casual users.
d. Any use of mechanical car parking installation such as car stackers or turntables does not result in queuing beyond the site boundary.
e. Any stacked car parking where access is through another car parking space and does not comply with the development controls, is:
i. for vehicles being serviced at a vehicle repair premises; or
ii. within residential development where stacked car parking spaces are held in common ownership, under a single title, and cannot be offered or allocated as individual car parking spaces; or
iii. for regular users such as staff, and are clearly marked, defined and separated from other car parking; and
iv. located so it does not compromise the operation of the remainder of the car parking area.

6. Access within a vehicle access restriction
This applies to activities or development with access within part of a site with a Vehicle Access Restriction identified in 4.2.1.2.3.3.1, other than Vehicle Access Restriction adjacent to a road/rail level crossing.
a. The location and design of the access will not have an adverse effect on the safe and efficient operation of the adjacent transport network, including public transport, pedestrians, cyclists and general traffic, having regard to:
i. visibility and safe sight distances particularly the extent to which vehicles entering/exiting the site can see, and be seen by, pedestrians, cyclists and other vehicles on the footpath and road carriageway
ii. existing and future traffic conditions including speed, volume, type, current accident rate, and the need for safe manoeuvring in all weathers
iii. existing pedestrian numbers, and estimated future pedestrian numbers having regard to the level of development provided for in the Unitary Plan
iv. existing community or public infrastructure located in the adjoining road, such as bus stops, bus lanes and cycleways.
b. The access will not have an adverse effect on pedestrian or streetscape amenity. This includes giving priority to pedestrian amenity and the continuity of activities and pedestrian movement at street level in the city centre, metropolitan, town and local centre zones. 
c. The access arrangements are practicable and adequate having regard to site limitations and layout, and arrangement of buildings and activities, users and operational requirements, having regard to:
i. whether the site can reasonably served by different access arrangements including:

• access from another road
• shared or amalgamated access with another site or sites
• via a frontage road, such as a slip lane or service road

ii. whether the need for access can reasonably be avoided by entering into a shared car parking and/or loading arrangement with another site or sites in the immediate vicinity.
d. for any proposed access within a Vehicle Access Restriction - Motorway Interchange Control, the intensity, scale and traffic generating nature of the proposal is such that it avoids, remedies or mitigates any adverse effect on the safe and efficient operation of the motorway interchange.

7. Access within a Vehicle Access Restriction - adjacent to a road/rail level crossing
a. The access will not have an adverse effect on the safe and efficient operation of the adjacent transport network, particularly the road/rail crossing.
b. The access arrangements are practicable and adequate having regard to site limitations and layout, and arrangement of buildings and activities, users and operational requirements.

8. Buildings or structures within a sightline area applying to a level crossing with sightline controls
a. The proposal will not have an adverse effect on the safety of the level crossing for vehicles and pedestrians.
b. The proposal will not adversely affect visibility and safe sight distances particularly to the extent vehicles entering/exiting the level crossing can see trains.

Assessment criteria for park-and-ride
When considering an application for a restricted discretionary activity for a park-and-ride, the council will consider whether the proposal meets the criteria listed.

9. Effect on the transport network
a. Any proposal for a park-and-ride will be located and designed to support the public transport system by:
i. locating in close proximity to public transport stations, stops and terminals
ii. growing public transport patronage, especially in to assist in relieving congested corridors by encouraging commuters to shift to public transport for their travel
iii. making public transport easier and more convenient to use, thereby attracting new users
iv. improving the operational efficiency of the public transport system, particularly the frequent public transport network
v. extending the catchment for public transport into areas of low demand where it is not cost-effective to provide traditional services or feeders
vi. reinforcing existing and future investments on the frequent public transport network
vii. giving effect to any park-and-ride strategy adopted by Auckland Transport.
viii. providing free, secure and covering parking for cycles.

10. The scale, design, management and operation of the park-and-ride and its access points will not have an adverse effect on the safe and efficient operation of the transport network, including:
i. the safety of pedestrians and cyclists
ii. amenity for pedestrians
iii. avoiding queuing onto the road and conflict at access points to the facility
iv. avoiding generating high volumes of traffic onto local roads or areas with high pedestrian amenity
v. the operation of public transport services and related infrastructure.

11. Location, design and external appearance
The location, design and external appearance of the park-and-ride:
a. complements adjacent uses and developments with any buildings or structures to be of similar or compatible scale to those existing or provided for in the surrounding area
b. meets the design outcomes identified in this Unitary Plan for the site and / or location generally
c. provides screening for the upper levels of any car parking building, such as exterior panelling
d. is accessible, safe and secure for users with safe and attractive pedestrian connections within the facility and to adjacent public footpaths. This includes considering compliance with CPTED principles
e. provides an attractive interface between any buildings, structures or at-grade car parking areas and adjacent streets. Depending on location and scale, this may include:
i. maintaining an active frontage through sleeving and / or an interesting appearance through use of architectural treatments so that the facility contributes positively to the pedestrian amenity and to any retail, commercial or residential uses along the road it fronts.
ii. planting and other landscaping
f. provides for any buildings to be adapted for other uses if no longer required for car parking. In particular, the floor to ceiling height of a car parking building at street level should be capable of conversion to other activities provided for in the zone.

12. Compatibility with surrounding activities
The park-and-ride is compatible with surrounding activities with particular regard to residential uses. This includes ensuring that the design and operation meets any cross-region rules for managing light spill and/or noise.

1. Car parking plans submitted to council must show:
a. the locations and dimensions of any pillars and/or other structures that may restrict car parking space, or inhibit access and manoeuvring, as well as clearances between car parking spaces and vehicle tracking curves and those pillars and/or other structures
b. the proposed gradients of car parking, manoeuvring and access areas.

Parking Facilities Part 1: Off-street Car Parking (New Zealand Standard for Off-street Parking (AS/NZS 2890.1:2004) ) may assist applicants in designing car parking areas.

2. Travel plan
a. A travel plan may be required as part of an assessment of environmental effects where a proposal provides more car parking than the maximums specified or fewer than the minimums specified. A travel plan will not be required where the infringement is minor in relation to the scale of the activity and associated car parking proposed.

3. Applications for non-accessory car parking (off-site) must include information to demonstrate that:
a.  The proposal provides off-site car parking which is related exclusively to the car parking requirements associated with activities located on other donor site(s) in the area
b.  The off-site car parking arrangements will be formalized on the land titles of all sites involved, including extinguishing the ability to provide accessory car parking on the donor site(s)
c.  The car parking has been transferred from the donor site(s) and the donor site(s) are required or permitted by the car parking standards of the Unitary Plan to provide the number of car parking spaces proposed.